Effect of volume of participation in exercise programs on biochemical parameters of women / Efeito do volume de participação em programas de exercícios nos parâmetros bioquímicos de mulheres

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the volume of participation in exercise programs offered in Primary Health Care (PHC), for 24 weeks on blood biochemical parameters of adult women. Three Basic Health Units in Rio Claro City (São Paulo) were selected and 2 exercise inter-ventions were implemented with different volumes (3 weekly sessions, 90 minutes each; 2 weekly sessions, 60 minutes each). In total, 53 participants remained until the end of the interventions. Regardless of their number of absences, they were divided into 4 groups, according to the volume of participation (calculated individually according to the duration of sessions and the number of classes held), forming groups according to quartiles: Low Volume Group (LVG; 57.62 ± 9.97 years-old), Low Medium Volume Group (LMVG; 56.31 ± 12.18 years-old), High Medium Volume Group (HMVG; 53.00 ± 10.25 years-old), and High-Volume Group (HVG; 59.69 ± 7.66 years-old). Blood biochemical parameters were dosed using the ELISA method. The Generalized Estimation Equa-tion Model was used to compare the biochemical parameters (time, group, and interaction; p ≤ 0.05). The analysis showed significant and positive time effect for low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and glycemia in all groups and for total cholesterol (TC) in LVG, LMVG and HMVG; a significant group effect for HVG on TC (higher levels compared to all other groups) and LDL (higher levels compared to LVG and LMVG). It is concluded that the physical exercise programs offered in the PHC contributed to a significant reduction in LDL and blood glucose levels, regardless of the vol-ume of participation of individuals in the programs

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do volume de participação em programas de exercícios, ofer-tados na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), durante 24 semanas, nos parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos de mulheres adultas. Foram selecionadas 03 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Rio Claro-São Paulo e implementa-das 2 intervenções de exercícios com diferentes volumes (3 sessões/semana, 90 minutos cada; 2 sessões/semana, 60 minutos cada). No total, 53 participantes se mantiveram até o final das intervenções, independentemente do número de faltas foram divididos em 4 grupos, de acordo com o volume de participação (calculado con-forme a duração das sessões e a quantidade de aulas realizadas de forma individual), formando os grupos segundo os quartis: Grupo Baixo Volume (GBV; 57,62 ± 9,97 anos), Grupo Baixo Médio Volume (GBMV; 56,31 ± 12,18 anos), Grupo Médio Alto Volume (GMAV; 53,00 ± 10,25 anos) e Grupo Alto Volume (GAV; 59,69 ± 7,66 anos). Os parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos foram dosados pelo método ELISA. Foi utilizado o Modelo de Equações de Estimações Generalizadas para a comparação dos parâmetros bioquímicos (tempo, grupo e interação; p ≤ 0,05). A análise evidenciou efeito significativo favorável do tempo para lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL) e glicemia em todos os grupos e para colesterol total (CT) no GVB, GBMV e GMAV; e efeito significativo do grupo para GAV no CT (maiores níveis comparado a todos os grupos) e LDL (maiores níveis comparados ao GBV e GBMV ). Conclui-se que o programa de exercício físico ofertado na APS contribuiu para a redução significativa dos níveis de LDL e glicemia, independentemente do volume de participação dos indivíduos nos programas

Synthesis and In Vivo Hypolipidemic Effect of Some N-(Benzoylphenyl)-Carboxamide Derivatives in Triton WR-1339-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

A series of N-(benzoylphenyl)-carboxamide derivatives (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b) was prepared with good yields by reacting the corresponding carbonyl chlorides with aminobenzophenones at room temperature. This was followed by evaluating the hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of 3b, 5a and 5b. Triton WR-1339 (300 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to overnight-fasted rats to induce hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into six groups: control, hyperlipidemic, hyperlipidemic plus compounds 3b, 5a and 5b and hyperlipidemic plus bezafibrate. Results showed that after 18 h of treatment at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight of each of the test compounds, the elevated plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly lowered by compounds 5b and 3b (p < 0.001) and by 5a (p < 0.0001), compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. Compounds 3b and 5a significantly increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by 58 and 71%, respectively. In addition, compounds 3b and 5a caused significant reduction (p < 0.0001) of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels compared to the control group. These results suggest a promising potential for compounds 3b, 5a and 5b as lipid-lowering agents, which may contribute to reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

Anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic evaluation of ethanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus alone and in combination therapy

The use of plants in disease treatment is cost effective and relatively safe. This study was designed to investigate anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus alone and in combination therapy in hyperlipidemic & diabetic mice. Eight groups comprising five mice each were used. Group A was hyperlipidemic control, group B, C, D received atorvastatin (20 mg/kg), leaf extract (200 mg/kg) and leaf extract in combination with atorvastatin (200 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) orally for 15 days. Group E was diabetic control. Group F, G, H received sitagliptin (40 mg/kg), leaf extract (200 mg/kg) and extract in combination with sitagliptin (200 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. Blood cholesterol levels were measured at 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th day and fasting blood sugar levels were measured at 2, 12, 24, 72 and 168 hours during treatment. One-way ANOVA with tukey- kramer multiple comparison test was used. The chemical characterization of ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus leaves showed presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus has significant anti-hyperlipidemic & anti-diabetic effects (p<0.05, p<0.01) when compared with control but had not cause significantly increase in anti-hyperlipidemic effects of atorvastatin. While significantly increased the antidiabetic effect of sitagliptin (p<0.05)

Verificación y transferencia de intervalos de referencia de variables bioquímicas de rutina / Verification and transfer of reference intervals of routine biochemical variables

Introducción. El correcto análisis en la interpretación de los resultados de cualquier analito biológico es esencial para la salud del paciente y está fuertemente ligado a contrastar dichos resultados con los intervalos biológicos referenciales que estén acorde a la población que está siendo analizada diariamente. El objetivo de este artículo, fue establecer intervalos referenciales (IR) en adultos para glicemia, urea, creatinina, ácido úrico, colesterol total y triglicéridos en un laboratorio clínico y comparar los valores obtenidos con los incluidos en los insertos para ese rango de edad. Metodología. La población fue de 561 adultos de ambos sexos, aparentemente sanos, que acudieron a Biomasterclin Laboratorio en Valencia, Venezuela, y cuyas edades fueron de 57,1±18,1 años. Resultados. Los IR obtenidos fueron glicemia 63,0-108,8 mg/dL, urea 17,7-54,9 mg/dL, creatinina 0,60-1,41 mg/dL, ácido úrico 0,89-7,26 mg/dL, colesterol total 78,5-251,1 mg/dL y triglicéridos 39,5-176,0 mg/dL. Los IR propuestos por la casa comercial empleada para la determinación de la glicemia y la creatinina pudieron ser transferidos a la población evaluada, mientras que el resto de los IR no. Conclusión. Debido a las diferencias que se presentan entre los IR en los estuches comerciales comparados con los de la población de individuos que acuden a los laboratorios clínicos, se hace necesario establecer IR para ser empleados en cada laboratorio clínico

The correct analysis in the interpretation of the results of any biological analyte is essential for the health of the patient and it is strongly linked to comparing those results with reference ranges that are in accordance with the population that is being analyzed on a daily basis. The objective of this study was to establish reference ranges in adults for glycemia, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol and triglycerides in a clinical laboratory and compare the values obtained with those included in the inserts for the corresponding age group. Methodology. The population consisted of 561 apparently healthy adults of both sexes that attended Biomasterclin Laboratorio in Valencia, Venezuela, whose ages were 57.1±18.1 years. Results. The reference ranges obtained for glycemia were 63.0- 108.8 mg/dL, urea 17.7-54.9 mg/dL, creatinine 0.60-1.41 mg/dL, uric acid 0.89- 726 mg/dL, total cholesterol 78.5-251.1 mg/dL and triglycerides 39.5-176.0 mg/ dL. The reference ranges proposed by the commercial kits used for the determination of glycemia and creatinine could be transferred to the evaluated population, while the rest of the reference ranges could not. Conclusion. Due to the differences that occur between the reference ranges in commercial kits compared to those of the population of individuals who attend clinical laboratories, it is necessary to establish reference values in each clinical laboratory

Effects of Low-to-Moderate Doses of Anabolic Steroids on Lipid Profile and Muscle Hypertrophy in Resistance Training Practitioners: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background: The use of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) is prevalent among young bodybuilders, motivated by aesthetic results. Although the medical community condemns this practice for its potential deleterious effect, we must recognize the need for more scientific research on the likelihood and magnitude of the adverse events. Objective: To evaluate whether high-quality, scientific evidence supports that AAS negatively affect lipid profile and promote muscle hypertrophy in resistance training practitioners. Methods: A systematic review of the literature of randomized clinical trials was conducted in the PubMed / Medline, Scielo and Science direct databases. The searches were conducted by two independent researchers by June 2018. A significance level of 5% was considered in the analysis. Results: Six clinical trials involving 170 resistance training practitioners were included. A significant heterogeneity was found in studies evaluating the effects of AAS on lipid profile and muscle hypertrophy (I² = 97, 95 and 91%, respectively), with no significant effects on HDL-cholesterol (-5.62mg/dL, 95%CI −12.10, 0.86, p= 0.09), LDL-cholesterol (7.76 mg/dL, 95%CI −9.70, 25.23, p= 0.57) and muscle hypertrophy (2.44kg 95%CI 0.02, 4.86, p=0.05). Conclusion: Current evidence does not support that low-to-moderate doses of AAS cause serious negative effects on lipid profile or promote muscle hypertrophy in resistance training practitioners.

Efecto de la inhibición de la proteína símil angiopoyetina tipo 3 (ANGPTL3): utilidad para el tratamiento de las dislipemias graves / Angiopoietin-like type 3 (angptl) inhibition: its role in the treatment of severe dyslipidemia

Las variantes de ANGPTL3 con pérdida de función están asociadas con efectos beneficiosos sobre el metabolismo lipídico y de carbohidratos y con riesgo reducido de enfermedad coronaria. Los cambios beneficiosos en los parámetros lipídicos que se obtienen con la inhibición de ANGPTL3 junto con la reducción en aterosclerosis que se observa en modelos animales y en estudios epidemiológicos de genética humana hacen de ANGPTL3 un nuevo objetivo terapéutico para prevenir las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Dos estrategias novedosas han surgido para inhibir esta proteína: un anticuerpo monoclonal y un oligonucleótido antisentido, con capacidad para reducir tanto el colesterol como los triglicéridos plasmáticos en forma notoria. Aunque el horizonte es promisorio, todavía no sabemos si los efectos de una variante presente desde el comienzo de la vida serán reproducidos por la inhibición de esta proteína que se realiza más tarde en la vida a través de una intervención farmacológica. (AU)

Loss-of-function ANGPTL3 variants are associated with beneficial effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. The beneficial changes in lipid parameters obtained by ANGPTL3 inhibition together with atheroprotection observed in animal models and in epi-demiological studies of human genetics make ANGPTL3 a new therapeutic target to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Two novel strategies have emerged to inhibit this protein: a monoclonal antibody and an antisense oligonucleotide, with the ability to significantly lower plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Although the horizon is promising, we still do not know if the effects of a variant present from the beginning of life will be reproduced by the inhibition of this protein that takes place later in life through a pharmacological intervention. (AU)

Efeitos de diferentes métodos de treinamento na melhora dos indicadores cardiometabólicos em corredores recreacionais: uma revisão sistemática / Effects of different training methods in improving cardiometabolic indicators in recreational runners: a systematic review

: O exercício físico, em especial a corrida de rua tem sido recomendada para prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi verificar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de treinamento sobre os indicadores cardiometabólicos de corredores recreacionais. As bases de dados eletrônicas utilizadas na presente pesquisa foram: PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS e COCHRANE LIBRARY, usando os descritores agrupados segundo o método PICO; População ("adults" OR "young adult" OR "middle aged") AND Intervenção ("endurance training" OR "aerobic training" OR "running") OR Comparação ("recreational runners" OR "jogging") AND Outcome/Desfecho ("cardiovascular risk factors" OR "cardiometabolic risk factors" OR "metabolic syndrome"). Na seleção os artigos foram excluídos por título, resumo e texto. Obteve-se um total de 813 artigos encontrados, no qual nove (9) preencheram os critérios de inclusão e baixo risco de viés de acordo com a Escala Testex. Foram encontrados três métodos de treinamento: Combinado (Contínuo +Intervalado); Contínuo e Intervalado. Considerando a somatória das amostras dos nove estudos, um total de 604 indivíduos (466 homens e 138 mulheres) participaram dos ensaios. Os diferentes métodos de treinamentos resultaram na redução dos níveis de triglicerídeos, insulina e glicose e na redução do colesterol total e LDL, e consequentemente o aumento do HDL. Na composição corporal houve diminuição significativa do peso e da gordura corporal, do IMC, na medida da circunferência da cintura, e no aumento da capacidade aeróbia (VO2). Concluiu-se que os treinamentos combinado, contínuo e intervalado podem ser aplicados para melhora dos indicadores cardiometabólicos, cada um dentro da sua especificidade de frequência, volume e intensidade.(AU)

Physical exercise, especially running, has been recommended for the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases. The objective of this systematic review was to verify the effects of different training methods on the cardiometabolic indicators of recreational runners. The electronic databases used in the present research were: PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS and COCHRANE LIBRARY, using the descriptors grouped according to the PICO method; Population ("adults" OR "young adult" OR "middle aged") AND Intervention ("endurance training" OR "aerobic training" OR "running") OR Comparison ("recreational runners" OR "jogging") AND Outcome / Outcome ("Cardiovascular risk factors" OR "cardiometabolic risk factors" OR "metabolic syndrome"). In the selection, articles were excluded by title, abstract and text. A total of 813 articles were obtained, in which nine (9) met the inclusion criteria and low risk of bias according to the Testex Scale. Three training methods were found: Combined (Continuous + Interval); Continuous and Interval. Considering the sum of the samples from the nine studies, a total of 604 individuals (466 men and 138 women) participated in the trials. The different training methods resulted in a reduction in the levels of triglycerides, insulin and glucose and in the reduction of total cholesterol and LDL, and consequently an increase in HDL. In body composition, there was a significant decrease in weight and body fat, in BMI, as measured by waist circumference, and in increased aerobic capacity (VO2). It is concluded that combined, continuous and interval training can be applied to improve cardiometabolic indicators, each within its specific frequency, volume and intensity.(AU)

Indicadores de saúde em usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde da cidade de Santarém, Pará, Brasil / Health indicators in users of a basic health unit in the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil

Introdução: Usuários do sistema de saúde com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis devem estar em acompanhamento constante para evitar complicações em seu estado de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar os indicadores laboratoriais de saúde em usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde com e sem o diagnóstico para a diabetes e hipertensão. Métodos: A amostra foi de 231 usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde da cidade de Santarém-PA, maiores de idade, que foram agrupados em pacientes com DM/HAS (DM/HAS; n=144), e sem o diagnóstico para DM/HAS (AUS; n=87). As coletas envolveram informações socioeconômicas, clínicas e laboratoriais. Os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se p<0.05. Resultados: Tanto no DM/HAS como no AUS predominou o sexo feminino, estado civil casado, com vínculo empregatício, cor de pele parda, com 4-7 anos de estudo, renda de 1-2 salários, não tabagistas, não etilista e faixa etária de 38-77 anos. A HAS foi a doença mais presente de forma geral, bem como por sexo. Identificou-se no DM/HAS valores menores para a taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) e maiores valores para a glicemia, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL-c e não HDL-c. Conclusão: De acordo com a proposta desenvolvida, destaca-se que os usuários com DM/HAS apresentam associação positiva para valores alterados de glicemia, colesterol total, não HDL-c, triglicerídeos, TFG e para a presença da síndrome metabólica e risco cardiovascular moderado/alto.

Introduction: Users of the health system with chronic non-communicable diseases must be constantly monitored to avoid complications in their health status. Objective: Analyze laboratory health indicators in users of a Basic Health Unit with and without a diagnosis for diabetes and hypertension. Methods: The sample consisted of 231 users of a basic health unit in the city of Santarém-PA, all of them of age, grouped into patients with DM/SAH (DM/SAH; n=144), and without the diagnosis for DM/SAH (ABS; n=87). The collections involved socioeconomic, clinical, and laboratory information. The data were treated with descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting p <0.05. Results: In both DM/SAH and ABS groups, there was a predominance of female individuals, married status, employed, brown skin color, with 4-7 years of study, income of 1-2 salaries, non-smokers, non-alcoholic drinkers, and aged between 38-77 years. SAH was the most common disease in general, as well as when analyzing by gender. Lower values for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were identified in the DM/SAH and higher values for the glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and non-HDL-c. Conclusion: According to the proposal of this paper, it is noteworthy that users with DM/SAH have a positive association for altered values of blood glucose, total cholesterol, non-HDL-c, triglycerides, GFR, and for the presence of metabolic syndrome and moderate/high cardiovascular risk.

Serum biochemistry profile of laying hens fed diets with fish waste oil / [Parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos de poedeiras leves alimentadas com rações contendo óleo do resíduo de pescado]

The present study aimed to evaluate increasing levels of fish waste oil in diets for laying hens on serum biochemistry profile. 192 Hisex White laying hens at 29 weeks of age were used, with water and food ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of eight treatments corresponding to the inclusion levels of fish waste oil (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5%) in the diets, with four replicates of six birds each. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression at 5% of significance. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid. These parameters presented a decrease when hens fed diets with higher level of fish waste oil. The results of the present study indicated that the inclusion of fish waste oil caused a significant effect in the serum biochemical profile of laying hens, especially in glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and uric acid concentrations. The inclusion level of 3.5% of fish waste oil caused larger disequilibrium in the serum biochemical profile of laying hens.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os níveis crescentes de óleo de resíduo de pescado em dietas para poedeiras leves sobre o perfil bioquímico sérico. Foram utilizadas poedeiras Hisex White com 29 semanas, com água e ração ad libitum. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, consistindo de oito tratamentos correspondentes aos níveis de inclusão de óleo de resíduo de pescado (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 e 3,5%) nas dietas, com quatro repetições de seis aves cada. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à regressão polinomial a 5% de significância. Diferenças significativas (P<0,05) foram observadas nas concentrações de triglicerídeos, glicose, colesterol total e ácido úrico. Esses parâmetros apresentaram uma diminuição quando as aves se alimentaram com rações contendo maior nível de óleo do resíduo de pescado. Os resultados do presente estudo indicaram que a inclusão de óleo do resíduo de pescado acarretou um efeito significativo no perfil bioquímico sérico de poedeiras, principalmente nas concentrações de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e ácido úrico. O nível de inclusão de 3,5% do óleo do resíduo de pescado acarretou maior desequilíbrio no perfil bioquímico sérico das poedeiras.(AU)

Effects of blood flow restriction in large and small muscle groups / Efeitos da restrição do fluxo sanguíneo em grupamentos musculares grandes e pequenos / Efectos de la restricción del flujo sanguíneo en grupos musculares grandes y pequeños

ABSTRACT Introduction It is known that strength training brings improvements in health and sports performance by causing muscle hypertrophy and increased strength, as well as modifying some hemodynamic and physiological factors. Several strength training methodologies have been developed, one of which is vascular occlusion. There are few studies with large muscle groups due to poor adherence to the training style and the fact that vascular occlusion of large muscle groups is more difficult. Objective To verify and compare the hemodynamic effects of exercise with and without vascular occlusion in different muscle groups. Methods Quantitative crossover study, with cross-sectional and field procedures. The sample consisted of 10 physically active healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age. With the cross-over design, all the volunteers participated in 3 groups: intervention with vascular occlusion, intervention without vascular occlusion and the control group. Results Overall, lactate and cholesterol remained elevated after 15 minutes of recovery and blood glucose and blood pressure did not vary among the groups. Conclusion Vascular occlusion training is an effective method for manipulating hemodynamic variables. Evidence level II; Clinical study.

RESUMO Introdução Sabe-se que o treino de força traz melhorias para a saúde e o desempenho esportivo, por ocasionar hipertrofia muscular e aumento de força, além de modificar alguns fatores hemodinâmicos e fisiológicos. Foram desenvolvidos vários métodos de treinamento de força, entre eles, a oclusão vascular. Porém, existem poucos estudos com grandes grupamentos musculares, devido à pouca adesão ao estilo de treino e ao fato de a oclusão vascular de grandes grupos musculares ser mais difícil. Objetivo Verificar e comparar os efeitos hemodinâmicos do exercício com e sem oclusão vascular em diferentes grupamentos musculares. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, cruzado, com procedimentos transversais e de campo. A amostra foi composta por 10 indivíduos saudáveis e fisicamente ativos do sexo masculino e feminino, na faixa etária de 18 a 30 anos. Com o desenho cruzado, todos os voluntários participaram de 3 grupos: intervenção com oclusão vascular, intervenção sem oclusão vascular e grupo controle. Resultados De forma geral, entre grupos, o lactato e o colesterol se mantiveram elevados depois de 15 minutos de recuperação, a glicemia e as pressões arteriais não variaram. Conclusão O treinamento com oclusão vascular é um método eficaz para manipular as variáveis hemodinâmicas. Nível de evidência II; Estudo clínico.

RESUMEN Introducción Se sabe que el entrenamiento de fuerza trae mejoras para la salud y el desempeño deportivo, por causar hipertrofia muscular y aumento de fuerza, además de modificar algunos factores hemodinámicos y fisiológicos. Fueron desarrollados varios métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza, entre ellos, la oclusión vascular. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios con grandes grupos musculares, debido a la poca adhesión al estilo de entrenamiento y al hecho de que la oclusión vascular de grandes grupos musculares grandes es más difícil. Objetivo Verificar y comparar los efectos hemodinámicos del ejercicio con y sin oclusión vascular en diferentes grupos musculares. Métodos Estudio cuantitativo, cruzado, con procedimientos transversales y de campo. La muestra fue compuesta por 10 individuos saludables y físicamente activos del sexo masculino y femenino, en el grupo de edad de 18 a 30 años. Con el diseño cruzado, todos los voluntarios participaron en 3 grupos: intervención con oclusión vascular, intervención sin oclusión vascular y grupo control. Resultados De forma general, entre los grupos, el lactato y el colesterol se mantuvieron elevados después de 15 minutos de recuperación, la glucemia y las presiones arteriales no variaron. Conclusión El entrenamiento de oclusión vascular es un método eficaz para manipular las variables hemodinámicas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio clínico.

Análise do perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes com artrite psoriásica em ambulatório de reumatologia na Região Amazônica / Clinical and epidemiological profile analysis of patients with psoriatic arthritis in a rheumatology clinic in the Amazon Region

Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacien- tes portadores de artrite psoriásica de uma região brasileira. Método: Pesquisa observacional, transversal, epidemiológica e documental, baseada na coleta de dados obtidos a partir da análise de 53 prontuários de pacientes cadastrados do Ambu- latório de Reumatologia da Universidade do Estado do Pará, na Região Amazônica. Resultados: Houve predominância do padrão do tipo poliartrite simétrica, sem distinção entre os sexos, com a presença de manifestações extra-articulares, pso- ríase em placas, em uso de metotrexato em doses médias. Con- clusão: Apesar da etiopatogenia da doença ser dependente de fatores genéticos, ambientais e imunológicos e da população amazônica ser muito particular, de uma miscigenação entre eu- ropeus, ameríndios e negros, o perfil clínico e epidemiológicos dos pacientes do Ambulatório de Reumatologia da Universidade do Estado do Pará é semelhante ao das literaturas nacional e internacional.

Objective: To know the clinical and epidemiologic profile of pso- riatic arthritis patients of a Brazilian region. Method: This is an observational, cross-sectional, epidemiological, and documental study, based on the data obtained from the analysis of the medi- cal records of 53 patients registered on the Rheumatology Cli- nic of the Universidade do Estado do Pará, in the Amazon area. Results: There was a predominance of the symmetrical polyar- ticular pattern, with no sexual distinction, extra articular invol- vement, plaque psoriasis, and treatment withn methotrexate, in medium doses. Conclusion: Despite the etiopathogenesis being dependent on genetic, environmental, and immunological fac- tors, and the population of the Amazon being a mix of Europeans, Amerindians, and black people, the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients of the Rheumatology clinic of the Univer- sidade do Estado do Pará is similar to the ones described on the national and international literature.

Uso de corticosteroides no tratamento da lesão hepática aguda grave decorrente de anabolizante estanazolol / Use of corticosteroids in the treatment of stanazolol-induce severe acute liver injury

A busca pelo corpo perfeito pode gerar graves consequências para a população que faz uso indiscriminado de substâncias visando a resultados rápidos. O caso relatado se refere a um pa- ciente de 21 anos, do sexo masculino, na cidade de São Paulo (SP), que apresentou quadro de síndrome colestática 15 dias após uso do anabolizante estanazolol para fins estéticos na ativi- dade física, evoluindo com hepatite medicamentosa grave, com aumento de transaminases, hiperrubilinemia às custas de bilirrubina direta e fatores de coagulação, sem resposta satis- fatória ao tratamento de suporte convencional, com melhora significativa após introdução de corticoterapia.

Searching for the perfect body image can cause severe conse- quences to the population using substances indiscriminately to reach results fast. The case reported refers to a male patient, 21 years old, from the city of São Paulo (SP), who developed choles- tatic syndrome 15 days after the use of the steroid Stanazol for aesthetic purposes during physical activity, progressing with se- vere drug-induced hepatitis, transaminases, bilirubin, and coagu- lation factors increase with no satisfactory response to the con- ventional support treatment, and significant improvement after the introduction of corticotherapy.

Correlation between estimated plasma remnant-like particle cholesterol and vegetable fat intake in Uku town, Japan

BACKGROUND@#Remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) is highly atherogenic, which is associated with atherosclerosis. However, RLP-C has not been routinely measured in the clinical practice. We estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles and examined the association between estimated RLP-C and related factors including nutrient intake.@*METHODS@#This study was performed in Uku town, Nagasaki prefecture, Japan in 2019. A total of 225 subjects were enrolled and directly measured RLP-C levels. Estimated RLP-C levels were defined as the following formula [total cholesterol - (LDL-cholesterol) - (HDL-cholesterol)]. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between estimated RLP-C and atherogenic factors. We calculated cut-off values on dichotomized RLP-C (< 7.5 mg/dL vs. ≥ 7.5 mg/dL) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.@*RESULTS@#The mean values of directly measured RLP-C levels and estimated RLP-C were 4.0 mg/dL and 16.4 mg/dL, respectively. In the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, directly measured and estimated RLP-C levels were independently and commonly associated with apolipoprotein E, triglycerides, and vegetable fat intake (inversely). Using ROC curves, we found the cut-off value of estimated RLP-C was 22.0 mg/dL.@*CONCLUSION@#We demonstrated that the estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles may substitute for directly measured RLP-C and these levels were independently and inversely associated with vegetable fat intake in the community-dwelling Japanese population.

Treatment Eligibility and Therapeutic Responses of an Ecuadorian Population at High Cardiovascular Risk Based on the ATP III Guidelines

Abstract Background The Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) guidelines aim to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In Ecuador, 20% of people have high LDL cholesterol levels, and 39% have high triglyceride levels. Objective To analyze lipid-lowering regimens in Ecuadorian patients and determine the achievement rate of the ATPIII goals for lipid profile. Methods Using a retrospective analysis, 385 subjects older than 30 years, who received pharmacological treatment for dyslipidemia for at least three months was randomly selected from institutions at two large cities in Ecuador. Data were collected from patients' medical records and analyzed by chi-square test or paired t-test; p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Baseline total cholesterol values were above 200 mg/dL in 75% of subjects, LDL-c values above 129 mg/dL in 83% of subjects and triglycerides values above 150 mg/dL in 79% of subjects. Most (n = 253, 95.8%) patients at very high cardiovascular risk were taking statins, 50% of them atorvastatin. Considering the ATPIII guidelines' goals, only 24 subjects (19%) at high CV risk achieved an LDL-c < 100 mg/dl, while a significantly lower percentage (p = 0.04) of patients at very high risk reached an LDL-c < 70mg/dl (11%; n = 30). Conclusion These data indicate a low rate of compliance with the ATPIII guidelines, independent of the medication used or duration of the treatment. This may be attributed to the prescription of low doses of medication and a therapy targeting isolated lipid fractions rather than a complete lipid profile. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(4):371-376)

Types I and III parotid collagen variations and serum biochemical parameters in obese rats exposed to monosodium glutamate / Variaciones de colágeno parotídeo tipos I y III y parámetros bioquímicos séricos en ratas obesas expuestas a glutamato monosódico

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to describe the effects of monosodium glutamate on the collagen of the parotid gland in an obesity model. 18 newborn male Sprague Dawley rats were used (first control group; second group of MSG1: 4 mg/g of monosodium glutamate weight, 5 doses, and third group of MSG2: 4 mg/g of monosodium glutamate, 5 doses, maintained for 8 and 16 weeks respectively). The content and type of collagen were analyzed, in addition to the levels of cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides and uric acid. Monosodium glutamate produced an increase in the obesity rates of the MSG2 group, in addition to an increase in blood cholesterol, glucose and uric acid levels compared to the control group. Type III collagen in the MSG2 group showed a statistically significant increase. Monosodium glutamate induced obesity, in addition to an increase in type III collagen fibers.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los efectos del glutamato monosódico sobre el colágeno de la glándula parótida en un modelo de obesidad. Se utilizaron 18 ratas Sprague Dawley machos recién nacidas (primer grupo control; segundo grupo MSG1: 4 mg/g de peso de glutamato monosódico, 5 dosis, y tercer grupo MSG2: 4 mg/g de glutamato monosódico, 5 dosis, mantenidas durante 8 y 16 semanas respectivamente). Se analizó el contenido y el tipo de colágeno, además de los niveles de colesterol, glucosa, triglicéridos y ácido úrico. El glutamato monosódico produjo un aumento en las tasas de obesidad del grupo MSG2, además de un aumento en los niveles de colesterol en sangre, glucosa y ácido úrico en comparación con el grupo control. El colágeno tipo III en el grupo MSG2 mostró un aumento estadísticamente significativo. La obesidad inducida por glutamato monosódico, además de un aumento en las fibras de colágeno tipo III.

Preoperative serum total cholesterol is a predictor of prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies

ABSTRACT Purpose Several studies have demonstrated the strong correlation between the levels of preoperative serum total cholesterol (TC) and the survival of patients with surgically treated renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, this association remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of published reports to evaluate the prognostic significance of the preoperative serum TC levels for patients with surgically treated RCC. Material and Methods The databases from MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify the eligible studies published before August 2019. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through inverse variance by using random-effects models. Results Nine cohort studies comprising 15.609 patients were identified. Low preoperative serum TC levels were associated with poor cancer-specific survival (CSS; HR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99; P=0.005; I2=74.2%) and progression-free survival (PFS; HR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.98; P=0.036; I2=80%) in patients with surgically treated RCC. However, no significant association was observed between low preoperative serum TC levels and shorter overall survival (HR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-1.00; P=0.057; I2=86.2%). Sensitivity analyses validated the reliability and rationality of the results. Conclusions Preoperative serum TC level is an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with surgically treated RCC, with lower levels associated with worse CSS and PFS. Hence, this parameter may provide additional guidance in the selection of therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis, considering that cholesterol is a broadly applied routine marker in clinical practice.

Association between changes in body fat distribution, biochemical profile, time of HIV diagnosis, and antiretroviral treatment in adults living with and without virus infection

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES Individuals living with HIV seem to be more prone to changes in the redistribution of body fat, characterized as lipodystrophy, which may occur in conjunction with metabolic diseases. In the present study, such impacts were assessed in adults with and without HIV and associated with the time of virus diagnosis and treatment with antiretroviral. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 123 adults, in which 87 had HIV and 36 without HIV, of both sexes, in outpatient follow-up at the Specialized Care Service (SAE) in Macaé-RJ. The following were made: 1) Alteration in body fat distribution, measured by anthropometric parameters and self-reported lipodystrophy; 2) Biochemical profile; 3) Association between HIV diagnosis time and antiretroviral treatment. RESULTS 54.47% (n = 67) males, 45.52% (n = 56) females, mean age 37 years. Of these 87 were people living with HIV, 29% (n = 25) had self-reported lipodystrophy, mean time of virus infection, and antiretroviral treatment (5.80 ± 4.56 and 5.14 ± 3.82 years), respectively. Patients with self-reported lipodystrophy had a greater change in body fat distribution between 3-6 years of HIV diagnosis and a negative cholesterol profile. The antiretroviral treatment time influenced total cholesterol and triglycerides, even for patients without self-reported lipodystrophy, with a further nine years under treatment. CONCLUSION In this study, the negative cholesterol profile was mainly related to antiretroviral treatment time, even for patients without self-reported lipodystrophy, and changes in body fat distribution, measured by anthropometry, was especially associated with time for HIV infection in those with lipodystrophy self-reported.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Indivíduos vivendo com HIV parecem mais propensos às alterações na redistribuição da gordura corporal, caracterizada como lipodistrofia, podendo acontecer em conjunto com as metabólicas. No presente estudo avaliaram-se tais impactos em adultos com e sem HIV e se associou ao tempo de diagnóstico do vírus e tratamento com antirretroviral. MÉTODOS Estudo tipo transversal, com 123 adultos, no qual 87 tinham HIV e 36 sem HIV, de ambos os sexos, em seguimento ambulatorial no Serviço de Atendimento Especializado (SAE) em Macaé - RJ. Foram feitos: 1) Alteração na distribuição da gordura corporal, mensurados por parâmetros antropométricos e lipodistrofia autorreferida; 2) Perfil bioquímico; 3) Associação entre tempo diagnóstico do HIV e tratamento com antirretroviral. RESULTADOS Incluíram-se 54,47% (n=67) do sexo masculino, 45,52% (n=56) do feminino, com média de idade de 37 anos. Destes, 87 eram pessoas vivendo com HIV, 29% (n=25) possuíam lipodistrofia autorreferida; tempo médio de infecção pelo vírus e tratamento antirretroviral (5,80±4,56 e 5,14±3,82 anos), respectivamente. Os pacientes com lipodistrofia autorreferida tiveram maior alteração na distribuição da gordura corporal entre 3-6 anos de diagnóstico do HIV e um perfil colesterolêmico negativo. O tempo de tratamento com antirretroviral influenciou o colesterol total e os triglicerídeos, mesmo para os pacientes sem lipodistrofia autorreferida, com mais de nove anos sob tratamento. CONCLUSÃO Neste estudo, o perfil colesterolêmico negativo se relacionou principalmente ao tempo de tratamento com antirretroviral, mesmo para os pacientes sem lipodistrofia autorreferida e as alterações na distribuição da gordura corporal, mensuradas por antropometria, se associaram especialmente ao tempo de infecção pelo HIV naqueles com lipodistrofia autorreferida.

Does socioeconomic inequality occur in the multimorbidity among Brazilian adults? / Existe desigualdade socioeconômica na multimorbidade entre adultos brasileiros?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of multimorbidity among Brazilian adults and its association with socioeconomic indicators. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that used data from the Pesquisa Nacional Sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM - Brazilian National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), carried out between 2013 and 2014. The definition of multimorbidity was the coexistence, in a single individual, of two or more chronic diseases, measured through a list of 14 morbidities (self-reported medical diagnosis throughout life). Economic status and educational level were the socioeconomic indicators used, being the inequalities assessed through the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Concentration Index, stratified by gender. RESULTS: The study comprehended 23,329 adults (52.8% of which were women), with an average age of 37.9 years. Hypertension and high cholesterol levels were the most prevalent conditions. The prevalence of multimorbidity was of 10.9% (95%CI 10.1-11.7) representing nearly 11 million individuals in Brazil, of which 14.5% (95%CI 13.5-15.4) were women and 6.8% (95%CI 5.9-7.8) were men. The occurrence of multimorbidity was similar according to the socioeconomic indicators. In the inequality analysis, we observed absolute and relative differences in men with a higher purchasing power (SII = 3.7; 95%CI 0.3-7.0) and higher educational level (CIX = 7.1; 95%CI 0.9-14.7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of comorbidities in Brazilian adults is high, especially in absolute terms. We only observed socioeconomic inequalities in multimorbidities among men.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de multimorbidade e a associação desta com indicadores socioeconômicos entre adultos brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que utilizou dados oriundos da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil, realizada entre 2013 e 2014. Multimorbidade foi definida como a coexistência, no mesmo indivíduo, de duas ou mais doenças crônicas, e é mensurada a partir de uma lista de 14 morbidades (autorrelato de diagnóstico médico na vida). Classe econômica e escolaridade foram os indicadores socioeconômicos utilizados, sendo as desigualdades avaliadas pelo Slope Index of Inequality (SII) e pelo Concentration Index (CIX), estratificadas por sexo. RESULTADOS: O estudo considerou 23.329 mil adultos (52,8% de mulheres), com média de idade de 37,9 anos. Hipertensão e colesterol alto foram as condições mais prevalentes. A prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 10,9% (IC95% 10,1-11,7), representando, aproximadamente, 11 milhões de indivíduos no Brasil, sendo 14,5% (IC95% 13,5-15,4) entre mulheres e 6,8% (IC95% 5,9-7,8) entre homens. A ocorrência de multimorbidade foi similar segundo os indicadores socioeconômicos. Nas análises de desigualdade, observou-se diferença absoluta e relativa para homens com maior poder aquisitivo (SII = 3,7; IC95% 0,3-7,0) e maior escolaridade (CIX = 7,1; IC95% 0,9-14,7), respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência de adultos brasileiros com multimorbidade é alta, principalmente em termos absolutos. Desigualdades socioeconômicas na multimorbidade foram observadas somente entre homens.

Effects of restraint stress and high-fat diet on osseointegration of titanium implants: an experimental study

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic restraint stress (RS) and a high-fat diet (HFD) on the osseointegration of titanium implants in a rat model. After the surgical insertion of titanium implants into the metaphysis of the tibial bone, the rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 8 each): control (CNT), restraint stress (RS), high-fat diet (HFD), and restraint stress plus high fat diet (RS-HFD). CNT: Rats received no further treatment during the 92-day experimental period. RS: Stress was applied to the rats beginning from two days after the implant surgery for one hour per day for the first 30 days, two hours per day for the next 30 days, and three hours per day for the last 30 days. HFD: Rats were fed a HFD for the following 90 days starting two days after surgery. RS-HFD: Rats were fed a HFD and RS was applied to rats for the following 90 days, starting two days after surgery. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized, and the implants and surrounding bone tissues were removed for histological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by one way ANOVA and Bonferrroni tests. There were no significant differences in the bone-implant connection levels between the groups (p > 0.05), but in the HFD and RS-HFD groups, the bone filling ratios were found to be lower compared with the controls (p < 0.05) The data analyzed in this study suggest that an HFD with or without chronic RS adversely affected bone tissue in the rats during the 90-day osseointegration period.

Pharmaceutical care-based interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials / Intervenções farmacêuticas no diabetes mellitus tipo 2: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the impact of pharmaceutical care-based interventions on type 2 diabetes mellitus . Methods PubMed®, Cochrane and Web of Science data bases were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials. Studies evaluating pharmaceutical care-based interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus published between 2012 and 2017 were included. Glycated hemoglobin was defined as the primary endpoint; blood pressure, triglycerides and cholesterol as secondary endpoints. The random effects model was used in meta-analysis. Results Fifteen trials involving 2,325 participants were included. Meta-analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity (I2>97%; p<0.001), reduction in glycated hemoglobin (-1.07%; 95%CI: -1.32; -0.83; p<0.001), glucose (-29.91mg/dL; 95%CI: -43.2; -16.6; p<0.001), triglyceride (19.8mg/dL; 95%CI: -36.6; -3.04; p=0.021), systolic blood pressure (-4.65mmHg; 95%CI: -8.9; -0.4; p=0.032) levels, and increased HDL levels (4.43mg/dL; 95%CI: 0.16; 8.70; p=0.042). Conclusion Pharmaceutical care-based clincal and education interventions have significant impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus . The tools Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale may be useful to monitor patients.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar o impacto das intervenções providenciadas pelo cuidado farmacêutico no diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos Buscas por ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados foram realizadas nas bases PubMed®, Cochrane e Web of Science . Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2012 e 2017, que avaliaram o impacto do cuidado farmacêutico no diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A hemoglobina glicada foi o desfecho primário, e os secundários foram pressão arterial, triglicérides e colesterol. O modelo de efeitos aleatórios foi utilizado na metanálise. Resultados Foram incluídos 15 estudos envolvendo 2.325 participantes. A metanálise demonstrou heterogeneidade elevada (I2>97%; p<0,001), redução nos níveis de hemoglobina glicada (-1,07%; IC95%: -1,32; -0,83; p<0,001), glicose (-29,91mg/dL; IC95%: -43,2; -16,6; p<0,001), triglicérides (19,8mg/dL; IC95%: -36,6; -3,04; p=0,021), pressão arterial sistólica (-4,65mmHg; IC95%: -8,9; -0,4; p=0,032) e aumento do colesterol HDL (4,43mg/dL; IC95%: 0,16; 8,70; p=0,042). Conclusão As intervenções clínicas e educacionais providenciadas pelo cuidado farmacêutico têm impacto significativo no diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Ferramentas como o Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities e a Morisky Medication Adherence Scale podem ser úteis no acompanhamento dos pacientes.